Tales of Wonderlost

I'm a Korean-American adoptee living in Seoul, getting my MA in Anthropology (yes, taking all of my classes in Korean TT). In my spare time, I volunteer at two great organizations: Korean Unwed Mothers' Families Association (KUMFA) and the Women's Global Solidarity Action Network (WGSAN) - a group that works on various issues, including with the survivors of military sexual slavery during WWII ("Comfort Women"). I also love cooking and baking and going to the noraebang ^^
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Posts tagged "transracial adoption"
Hello!!! Are there any organizations I can work with to help prevent such corrupt adoptions from occurring and educating the general population about it? I live in the United States, so I am not sure what I can do other than spreading awareness online or telling me my friends about it, but I cannot just watch while single mothers or other families have their children taken away and "sold" overseas. Please help me!!! Thank you for your hard work.
peaceshannon peaceshannon Said:

hey, thanks for your message. this is awesome. i feel like we’re getting some momentum going here~^^ to be honest, i’ve been living in korea for the past SIX (god, i can’t believe it’s already been that long… i am oooooold) years, i’m a bit out of touch with the stuff going on in the states, but i do know a few adoptee activists that are really involved in the states that i can put you in touch with who can give you more concrete answers about what you can do there, if you’re serious about getting involved. if you’re interested, send me another personal message with contact info and i’ll pass it along to them~^^ (also, spreading awareness is always helpful… the majority of people are just unaware of the reality of the situation! support - no matter how small it may seem - of organizations like kumfa is also always welcome!)

great article… but a mention of kumfa would’ve been nice so people can see moms supporting and advocating for themselves… esp since main mom in the story and mom in the photo are kumfa moms…

Asker guixien Asks:
I have a friend who just asked me this, and because I don't know the korean adoption agency inside out... "would you say ALL k-agencies tend to follow this dishonest practice or there are still the minority out there that can be trusted?"
peaceshannon peaceshannon Said:

yes, i would say that all korean adoption agencies follow these dishonest practices, to varying degrees (like i said, i think holt is the worst). but they ALL run unwed mothers facilities and they all make TONS of money (upwards of $15million/year) sending children for international adoption. is there not something creepy about an adoption agency that runs an unwed mothers’ home when we see that 90% of the children adopted both domestically and internationally are the children of unwed mothers. that is baby farming, pure and simple. (fun fact: only 37% of moms in unwed mothers facilities run by adoption agencies choose to raise their children, compared to 82% of moms who stay in non-adoption agency-run homes who choose to raise their kids . coincidence? i think not.)

Asker flissyboots Asks:
Obviously you know that I am not an adoptee so please forgive me if this question is uneducated/unelightened or is a bit off somehow. You have talked a lot about adoption and transracial adoption came up today- a lot about the bad ways to adopt (in regards to parents, government and agencies). It made me wonder if there is a good way to adopt? Is it something that shouldn't happen or is it possible to do it appropriately?
peaceshannon peaceshannon Said:

(cont.) I guess also wondering if you think adoption should happen at all. Is it a necessary evil? just a plain necessity? or something that shouldn’t happen?

i’ve stated before that i’m not 100% against adoption and i stand by that statement. if you look at the original post, i said:

i’m not against adoption 100%. but i’m against it in any case that the mom was coerced or not given a real “choice” as to whether she could raise her own child. 

the word “choice” is a tricky one. it’s often used in discourse about sex-related labor, often in the case of “comfort women” with whom i also volunteer. it’s often used to excuse human rights violations, violence, discrimination, or injustice against women, poc, and oppressed classes. because they “chose” to work there, or do that, or go there, etc. we have to be critical about the word choice. choice doesn’t mean that no one had a gun to your head.

in korea, even though unwed moms go to adoption agencies and sign papers - we have to be critical about whether or not these women really have a “choice”.

when we consider that unwed mothers are pressured to get abortions (96% end up getting abortions) up until 8 months of their pregnancy. when we consider that most of them are kicked out of their homes and thereby forced to go to unwed mothers’ facilities during their pregnancy. when we consider that roughly half of the unwed mothers facilities in korea are run by adoption agencies. when we consider that the percentage of mothers who DON’T give up their children in adoption agency-run homes is 37% compared to 82% in non-agency homes. when we consider the fact thatunwed mothers who give up their children but change their minds are told that they owe money to the adoption agency for each day that their child stayed in their facility. when we consider that one mom told me that after she went back to get her child from the adoption agency, they showed her photos of the adoptive parents in the US and their house and kept telling her how much better the child’s life would be in the states AND that she would break the adoptive parents’ hearts if she took back her child and eventually made her WRITE AN APOLOGY TO THE ADOPTIVE PARENTS before they would give her back her child (psychological warfare, anyone?) when we consider that there’s no real legal way for unwed mothers to claim child support from the father of the baby. when we consider that companies practice discriminatory hiring practices and won’t hire unwed mothers.when we consider that even unwed mothers who run their own businesses suddenly lose all their customers when they find out they’re unwed mothers. when we consider that the government gives an unwed mother a measly 50,000 won per month to raise her baby but gives adoptive parents 100,000 and child welfare facilities 1 million won per month per child.

when we consider all of these things, do these women really have a “choice” at all?

so back to what i originally said - i’m not against adoption 100% but i’m against it in any case that the mom was coerced or not given a real choice as to whether she could raise her own child. when we really start to calculate what percentage of adoptions are done under these conditions… well, then i think i’d have to say then that i’m against it for the most part, right?

sorry to basically quote the entire passage but i just think it’s so important that i want it to be out there in the universe again.

so then…back to your question. is there a good way to adopt? yes, i think there is. but it requires an awful lot of due diligence on the adoptive parents part. it requires a lot of setting aside of the adoptive parents’ wants and desires over the best interest of the child and mother. it requires acknowledging the possibility that the best interest may not be adoption. it requires the in-depth background research into the adoption market, the adoption agencies involved and the circumstances of that particular child. it requires deep soul-searching that asks, “am i being given the chance to raise this child over their own parent due to my privilege or because the parent is legitimately absent and/or unable to care for them?” in the case of international and/or interracial adoption, adoptive parents need to ask themselves if they think they are legitimately equipped and able to prepare their child of a different race/culture (i personally do think this should be avoided at almost all costs). i think these are hard questions that most people brush aside because they are uncomfortable. but we are talking about changing the entire course of multiple human lives (both the child and the original parents) and it is not something to be taken lightly. 

Asker kathrynjin Asks:
Hi! i was just wondering, on your post about the Holt Adoption ad--why did you say Holt was the worst adoption agency? My adoption was through them as well. I'm just curious as to why you think that? Maybe I don't know enough to make a judgment..
peaceshannon peaceshannon Said:

i think holt is the worst because it has the worst record of flagrant forging of records in order to create “orphan hojuks” or family registries in order to more easily send children for overseas adoption. what this means is that in order to make a child legally an orphan (so that said child could get an adoption visa to the states or other western receiving countries), it eliminated birth parent information and instead made up fake stories about children being left on door steps of police stations and churches. i’ll say it again: it eliminated birth family information in order to create legal orphans to make the adoption process easier. IT ELIMINATED MY PERSONAL INFORMATION SO THAT NOW I CAN NOT FIND MY FAMILY SO THAT THEY COULD MORE EASILY SHIP ME ABROAD. 

holt was also known in the past to go scouring the korean countryside trying to convince poor families to give up their children (promising open adoptions) in order to give them better educational opportunities, etc.   they now run unwed mothers homes in korea for the same purpose, to farm babies. they (and other adoption agencies in korea) also do everything that they can in order to stop women from trying to get their children back if they change their mind about adoption. that’s just a few of the reasons why i think they are the worst. 

Asker Anonymous Asks:
Do you wish your parents hadn't adopted you? I can't get read from your posts. I get your views on the adoption system and your disgust towards it. But I can't tell if you wish they hadn't adopted you, if you don't really view them as your parents. Just curious. Feel free to ignore.
peaceshannon peaceshannon Said:

well. i debated whether i should answer this. but i decided to just go for it. 

i almost didn’t answer this question because i think it’s an irrelevant question. it’s also a ridiculously simple question for an abundantly complicated relationship. it’s irrelevant because it’s a waste of time and energy to wish that my parents hadn’t adopted me. if i wished that, does it mean that i could go back in time and change anything? if i didn’t wish that, does it mean that everything regarding my relationship with my parents is rainbows and unicorns?

i wrote about why it’s irrelevent in this postsaying that i think korea should stop international adoption doesn’t mean that i denounce my own adoption. i neither denounce it or celebrate it, i simply accept it.  nor do i mourn the person i might’ve been or glorify the person that i have become.

it also dismisses the human element from my relationship with my parents. yes, i am disgusted with the adoption industry (let’s call it what it is) although i’ve stated that i’m not 100% against adoption, in theory. anyways, my parents were/are far from perfect as (adoptive) parents. but many people seem to be super concerned with my parents feelings regarding my feelings about adoption ㅡㅡ why?? are their feelings about my feelings more important than my feelings? does that make any sense??

do i view my parents as my parents? yes. regardless of our complicated relationship, i view them as my american parents. but i also think i have more than one set of parents. i do love my adoptive parents, i do appreciate the things they did right. but that doesn’t mean i’m not allowed to be critical about the many and sometimes very serious things that they did wrong.

again, does that mean i wish they hadn’t adopted me? what does that question even mean? you asked the question actually twice in your ask so i’m answering it again to point out the urgency with which you seem to need to know the answer to this question (although you did say feel free to ignore?). again, it seems like a totally irrelevant question to me but it’s one that many seem to want to know the answer to. and i think that that’s almost more telling. why do people want to know this? is it because they want to check whether or not i am appropriately grateful (by whatever standards they are measuring by) to my adoptive parents? to me, in that question, there’s an underlying implication that i should be grateful to have been adopted and therefore did not waste away in an orphanage and/or forced to become prostitute or any of the other horrid outcomes that would have surely been my fate if i had not been adopted. yes, adoptees are fed these stories of how we would’ve ended up if we hadn’t been ‘saved’ by our parents and i think this is to keep adoptees in line and eternally grateful. i think that’s psychologically abusive, but it’s an attitude that is pervasive throughout (western) society and the romance/myth surrounding the adoption story. 

so. 

do i wish my parents hadn’t adopted me? no. because that’s a pointless exercise. it’s a waste of time and energy. do i wish that poor, women of color had just as much of a right to raise their children as the middle/upper class, white women who eventually get to raise them through adoption? yes.

that is the relevant question. one that can actually be used for change and progress. and that is why i work with kumfa.

Emily Will* was pronounced dead at birth. Born in a small maternity home in the countryside of Geoje, Gyeongsandnam-do, the midwife allegedly told her biological parents the baby was “stillborn”.

“I don’t know how this could have happened to me,” she says. “Why would someone (the midwife) do that? Why would someone make a choice for someone else?”

“Her decision changed my life.”

For 23 years, Ms Will believed she was put up for adoption after her biological parents decided to part ways. Her adoption papers said her parents were in a de facto relationship, a status considered shameful in traditional Korean society, with two daughters.

….

The experience of Ms Will is uncommon, but not unheard of. Intentional fabrication, falsification of documents and unintended adoption has been previously reported in South Korea.

Jane Jeong Trenka, the president of Truth and Reconciliation for the Adoption Community of Korea (TRACK) says many adult Korean adoptees that have returned to be reunited with their Korean parents have found themselves to be the subject of a forced adoption, kidnappings or forged identity.

Ms Trenka says money was the driving force behind illegal adoptions.

“It is widely known today that inter-country adoption is driven by huge sums of money,” she said. “It is, in fact, an industry.”

“In the days when South Korea was not economically developed, it was a way to secure precious foreign currency. Today, the inter-country adoption program is a way to save money on social spending.”

South Korea consistently ranks at, or is near the bottom of, family welfare spending among OECD countries.

“What we have 60 years after the end of the Korean War is, therefore, a very developed adoption system and a nearly non-existent domestic social welfare system that specialises in family separation for adoption, instead of family preservation,” said Ms Trenka.

More than 200,000 Koreans have been adopted overseas since the end of the 1950-1953 Korean War. But what began as an incentive to save thousands of Korean War orphans, many fathered and then deserted by American GIs, turned into a lucrative industry whereby thousands of children, mostly born to unwed mothers, were put up for adoption.

In 2011, 88.4 per cent of all intercountry adoptees from South Korea were relinquished from unwed mothers, a status often frowned upon in traditional Korean society. Social pressure still drives thousands of unmarried women to choose between abortion and adoption as they risk the life of economic difficulty and disgrace.

just looking at this website is pissing me off. “BROWSE PHOTOLISTING”. this is truly the technology era. now you can buy babies on the internet, just like online shopping. this reminds me of the time the korean government made a tv advertisement with babies for adoption. like home shopping. door-to-door delivery available!

i want to punch something. 

Asker Anonymous Asks:
I just read your post about the trials and tribulations international adoptees face, and they're very distressing! Can you link the articles or sources so I can share this with some of my friends who have been looking into adoption? Do you know if it's the same for children adopted through state foster/adoption systems vs private for-profit agencies?
peaceshannon peaceshannon Said:

based on the date you sent the ask, i assume you’re talking about this post? sorry my answer is late!

from author and adoptee activist jane jeong trenka’s facebook page (reference list is at bottom): 

Thank you to my Facebook friends who helped me to compile the following information that is relevant to adoptees and people abused as children.

A survey of the literature shows fairly unanimously that adoptees are overrepresented in the clinical material by a factor of 2 to 3 within child and youth psychiatry. This is the case in Sweden and internationally. They show above all aggression, defiance, hyperactivity and asocial behavior. This applies especially to the boys. Depressive symptoms, thoughts of suicide and attempted suicides also occur more often, primarily among the girls. In adult adoptees suicide, suicide attempts, psychiatric illness, addiction and criminality are more common than in the rest of the population. (Ref1)


Children who have experienced abuse and maltreatment show changes in important parts of their brains, detectable with MRIs. These changes are linked to depression, drug addiction, schizophrenia and other mental health problems, according to a study from Harvard University by Professor Martin Teicher. (Ref2)

Americans who experience child abuse and neglect are 59% more likely to be arrested as a juvenile, 28% more likely to be arrested as an adult, and 30% more likely to commit a violent crime. (Ref3)

According to 1985 statistics used by Parenting Resources of Santa Ana, California, although adoptees at that time comprised 2-3% of the population of this country, they represented 30-40% of the individuals found in residential treatment centers, juvenile hall, and special schools. (Ref4)

Among adults formerly placed in U.S. foster care, GED completion rates are disproportionately high, along with post-secondary education dropout rates. Of the 1609 alumni for whom case records were available, 1082 were interviewed, a response rate of 73.4% when the alumni whom researchers could not interview was subtracted from the original sample because they were in prison (3.4%), in psychiatric institutions (0.7%) or deceased (3.9%). This was 8% of the sample. (Ref5)

Intercountry adoptees in Sweden are at higher risk than the regular population for entering out-of-home care during adolescence, which is a strong indicator of future serious mental health problems. (Ref6)

In the U.K., public care in childhood is associated with adverse adult socioeconomic, educational, legal, and health outcomes in excess of that associated with childhood or adult disadvantage. (Ref7)

Young adult intercountry adoptees are at increased risk for schizophrenia. Although the underlying cause is unknown, a complex interplay of factors presumably may be involved, including heredity, adversity prior to adoption, and post-adoption adjustment difficulties during upbringing. (Ref8)

1 Cederblad, M. “Compilation of research into adoptees and their life after adoption.” Swedish Intercountry Adoptions Authority. (2003) http://www.mia.eu/english/utredneng.pdf 
2 “Child abuse linked to alcoholism, drug addiction.” Elements Behavioral Health Web site, accessed September 12, 2012 at http://www.elementsbehavioralhealth.com/addiction/child-abuse-alcoholism-drug-addiction/
3 Long - Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway.Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006. Accessed September 12, 2012 at http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/long_term_consequences.cfm 
4 Verrier, Nancy Newton. The Primal Wound : Understanding the Adopted Child. Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1993.
5 Pecora, P., J. Williams, R. Kessler, E. Hiripi, K. O’Brien, J. Emerson, M. Herrick, and D. Torres. “Assessing the educational achievements of adults who were formerly placed in family foster care.” Child and Family Social Work, no. 11, (2006): 220-231. 
6 Elmund, A., F. Lindblad, B. Vinnerljung, and A. Hjern. “Intercountry Adoptees in out-of-Home Care: A National Cohort Study.” [In eng]. Acta Paediatr 96, no. 3 (Mar 2007): 437-42.
7 Viner, R. M., and B. Taylor. “Adult Health and Social Outcomes of Children Who Have Been in Public Care: Population-Based Study.” [In eng]. Pediatrics 115, no. 4 (Apr 2005): 894-9.
8 Tieman, W. “Mental health in young adult intercountry adoptees.” (2006) Accessed September 12, 2012 athttp://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7836/060621_Tieman-W.pdf

i have an uncle on my mom’s side who, for as long as i can remember, has asked my twin sister and i at every family function, “how can i get two little girls like you?” 

even as a child this question made me very uncomfortable and even from a young age, i was cognizant of the fact that he only asked my sister and i (my parents’ adopted children) this question, not my other brothers and sister (my parents’ biological children). 

even as a child i could feel that it was strange that he made a point to ask us every time. but every time he asked, no one else in my family acted as if it was strange, so i took my cues from around me and just answered him the way he wanted, “go to an orphanage in korea”.

just thinking about it now makes me want to throw up. 

this word “get” was clearly commodifying my twin sister and i - pointing out that we could be picked and purchased the same way you could go to the store and buy dolls. he clearly felt a need to distinguish between my sister and i and our other siblings. do i believe it was out of maliciousness? i’m going to give him the benefit of the doubt and say no.

—-

most people who know me in real life would probably describe me as anywhere from strong (if they were being nice) to argumentative to bullheaded.

from outward appearances, it seems that i am never afraid to state my opinion, raise objections, and engage in debate. however, for those who really know me, they would know that when it comes to my family that is not the case.

no, i don’t mean i don’t argue with my family. i certainly do (and vigorously), when it comes to subjects like politics, social issues, etc but when it comes to our actual relationship, i have always bitten my lip, glossed over situations, and played the grateful, happy adoptee.

lately, i’m tired of it. i literally can’t do it anymore. so recently, i had a conversation with my mom where i made her cry because i told her that i was tired of hearing that she has always seen us as exactly the same as her biological children. we aren’t. and we shouldn’t be. as adopted children, we need different things from you as a parent. i love you but i can’t keep maintaining our relationship on your terms only. you have to meet me in the middle. i’m saying this because i love you, because i want to have a closer relationship with you, but i can’t do it like this. not on your terms only.

—-

when i went to the US a few weeks, i saw that uncle for the first time in about 3-4 years. after a few minutes of stupid small talk, i could see him cuing up for the question. he approached it a little differently this time, laughing mischievously (i think he honestly thinks it’s just a cute question, all in good fun, y’know?)

“you remember that question i always asked you?”

blank stare.

“you remember the way you always answered me?”

blank stare turning into icy stare.

silence.

more silence.

people starting to fidget uncomfortably. 

finally i lock eyes with him and say in an even tone.

“ask me again. i bet i’ll tell you a different place to go this time.”

—-

it only took me 30 years to tell my idiot uncle to go get stuffed. one battle at a time, i suppose.